The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) vide Notification No. RBI/2022-23/73 CO.DPSS.POLC.No.S518/02.14.003/2022-23 dated June 16, 2022 published the “Processing of e-mandates for recurring transactions” The e-mandates framework prescribed an Additional Factor of Authentication (AFA), inter alia, while processing the first transaction in case of e-mandates/ standing instruction on cards, prepaid payment instruments and Unified Payments Interface.